At a glance
Conservatism values continuity, inherited institutions and cautious reform; what conservatives seek to preserve depends on the society and era.
Core principles
- Institutional continuity
- Prudence about rapid change
- Social order
- Inherited practices
- Attention to unintended consequences
Origins & development
Modern conservatism took shape amid debates over revolution and social change. Its parties and thinkers have since adopted different economic and religious positions.
Economic outlook
Conservatives may favor markets and private ownership, but some traditions accept welfare institutions or state protection of domestic industry.
Society & government
Positions on social norms, religion and authority vary; constitutional conservatives can defend democratic institutions while others favor stronger hierarchy.
Variations & related traditions
Classical, liberal, social and national conservatism emphasize different combinations of markets, custom, faith and national sovereignty.
Debates & criticisms
Critics argue that deference to tradition can preserve unjust hierarchies; supporters argue that rapid reform can damage useful institutions.