At a glance
Eco-communism combines communist opposition to capitalist ownership with ecological limits, seeking a classless society organized around shared resources and environmental sustainability.
Core principles
- Common ownership; ecological stewardship; production for need; reduced exploitation; collective resource governance; opposition to profit-driven environmental destruction.
Origins & development
It draws on Marxist ecological interpretation and later green socialist movements. The label is less standardized than ecosocialism and covers several proposed models.
Economic outlook
Production is judged by social need and ecosystem impact rather than profit alone. Democratic ecological planning is common, but decentralization and technology policies vary.
Society & government
Many contemporary formulations favor participatory governance and environmental justice. Communist environmental language alone does not establish whether a particular movement is democratic or authoritarian.
Variations & related traditions
It is a communist subset of the wider ecosocialist field, which also includes reformist and non-communist traditions. Ecological anarchism is related but institutionally distinct.
Debates & criticisms
Debates address feasible planning, consumption limits and environmental harm under historical communist states. Technology can support sustainability, but automatic faith in growth is questioned.