Senate
United States elections · 1860 · held
State Senate races in this election cycle, with separate candidate results and election-era ideology attribution.
State races and results map
Each race has its own denominator. Missing counts are blank. The interactive map uses modern state outlines as navigation references.
Arkansas — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles B. Mitchel | Democratic | — | — | — |
| Samuel H. Hempstead | Democratic | — | — | — |
| George C. Watkins | Democratic | — | — | — |
| Robert W. Johnson | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: Ninth ballot (December 20, 1860)
▌Charles B. Mitchel (Democratic) 52
▌Samuel H. Hempstead (Democratic) 26
▌George C. Watkins (Democratic) 8
▌Robert W. Johnson (Democratic) 2
Scattering 5
Sources & further reading
California — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James A. McDougall | DD–A-L | — | — | Elected |
| John Nugent | DD–L | — | — | — |
| John B. Weller | Breckinridge Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: Twenty-third ballot (April 2, 1861)
▌Y James A. McDougall (DD–A-L) 57
▌John Nugent (DD–L) 39
▌John B. Weller (Breckinridge Democratic) 4
Scattering 2
Sources & further reading
California — Senate (Class 1) — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milton Latham | Lecompton Democrat | — | — | Elected |
| Edward Randolph | Anti-Lecompton Democrat | — | — | — |
| Oscar L. Shafter | Republican | — | — | — |
Interim appointee retired. New member elected January 14, 1860. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (January 14, 1860)
▌Y Milton Latham (Lecompton Democrat) 97
▌Edward Randolph (Anti-Lecompton Democrat) 14
▌Oscar L. Shafter (Republican) 3
Sources & further reading
Connecticut — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lafayette S. Foster | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| William W. Eaton | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (May 10, 1860)
▌Y Lafayette S. Foster (Republican) 139 HTooltip Connecticut House of Representatives; 16 STooltip Connecticut Senate
▌William W. Eaton (Democratic) 70 HTooltip Connecticut House of Representatives; 7 STooltip Connecticut Senate
Sources & further reading
Illinois — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lyman Trumbull | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| Samuel S. Marshall | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (January 10, 1861)
▌Y Lyman Trumbull (Republican) 54
▌Samuel S. Marshall (Democratic) 46
Sources & further reading
Indiana — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry S. Lane | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| Joseph A. Wright | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent retired. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (January 16, 1861)
▌Y Henry S. Lane (Republican) 88
▌Joseph A. Wright (Democratic) 57
Sources & further reading
Iowa — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James Harlan | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| Augustus C. Dodge | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (January 14, 1860)
▌Y James Harlan (Republican) 73
▌Augustus C. Dodge (Democratic) 52
Sources & further reading
Kansas — Senate (Class 2) — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James H. Lane | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| Samuel C. Pomeroy | Republican | — | — | — |
| Marcus J. Parrott | Republican | — | — | — |
| Frederick P. Stanton | Republican | — | — | — |
| A. J. Isacks | Democratic | — | — | — |
| Samuel A. Kingman | Republican | — | — | — |
| Mark W. Delahay | Republican | — | — | — |
Seat created January 29, 1861. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (April 4, 1861)
▌Y James H. Lane (Republican) 55
▌Y Samuel C. Pomeroy (Republican) 52
▌Marcus J. Parrott (Republican) 49
▌Frederick P. Stanton (Republican) 21
▌A. J. Isacks (Democratic) 11
▌Samuel A. Kingman (Republican) 3
▌Mark W. Delahay (Republican) 2
Scattering 2
Sources & further reading
Kansas — Senate (Class 3) — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James H. Lane | Republican | — | — | — |
| Samuel C. Pomeroy | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| Marcus J. Parrott | Republican | — | — | — |
| Frederick P. Stanton | Republican | — | — | — |
| A. J. Isacks | Democratic | — | — | — |
| Samuel A. Kingman | Republican | — | — | — |
| Mark W. Delahay | Republican | — | — | — |
Seat created January 29, 1861. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (April 4, 1861)
▌Y James H. Lane (Republican) 55
▌Y Samuel C. Pomeroy (Republican) 52
▌Marcus J. Parrott (Republican) 49
▌Frederick P. Stanton (Republican) 21
▌A. J. Isacks (Democratic) 11
▌Samuel A. Kingman (Republican) 3
▌Mark W. Delahay (Republican) 2
Scattering 2
Sources & further reading
Kentucky — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John C. Breckinridge | Democratic | — | — | Elected |
| Joshua F. Bell | Opposition | — | — | — |
Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (December 12, 1859)
▌Y John C. Breckinridge (Democratic) 81
▌Joshua F. Bell (Opposition) 52
Sources & further reading
Kentucky — Senate (Class 3) — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garrett Davis | Union | — | — | Elected |
| William Johnson | Southern Rights | — | — | — |
| William O. Butler | Union | — | — | — |
Incumbent expelled December 4, 1861. New member elected December 10, 1861. Union gain. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (December 10, 1861)
▌Y Garrett Davis (Union) 84
▌William Johnson (Southern Rights) 12
▌William O. Butler (Union) 1
Sources & further reading
Maine — Senate (Class 1) — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lot M. Morrill | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| George F. Shepley | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent resigned January 7, 1861. New member elected January 9, 1861. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (January 9, 1861)
▌Y Lot M. Morrill (Republican) 124 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 29 STooltip Maine Senate
▌George F. Shepley (Democratic) 23 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 0 STooltip Maine Senate
Sources & further reading
Maryland — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James Pearce | Democratic | — | — | Elected |
| James U. Dennis | Know Nothing | — | — | — |
Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (March 3, 1860)
▌Y James Pearce (Democratic) 50
▌James U. Dennis (Know Nothing) 34
Blank 1
Sources & further reading
Missouri — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waldo P. Johnson | Breckinridge Democratic | — | — | Elected |
| Alexander W. Doniphan | Constitutional Union | — | — | — |
| Thomas B. English | Douglas Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent withdrew during election. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: Fifteenth ballot (March 18, 1861)
▌Y Waldo P. Johnson (Breckinridge Democratic) 81
▌Alexander W. Doniphan (Constitutional Union) 36
▌Thomas B. English (Douglas Democratic) 29
Sources & further reading
New Hampshire — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daniel Clark | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| John S. Wells | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (June 13, 1860)
▌Y Daniel Clark (Republican) 184 HTooltip New Hampshire House of Representatives; 8 STooltip New Hampshire Senate
▌John S. Wells (Democratic) 108 HTooltip New Hampshire House of Representatives; 2 STooltip New Hampshire Senate
Scattering 2 HTooltip New Hampshire House of Representatives; 0 STooltip New Hampshire Senate
Sources & further reading
New York — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ira Harris | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| Horatio Seymour | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent retired. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (February 5, 1861)
▌Y Ira Harris (Republican) 88 ATooltip New York State Assembly; 22 STooltip New York State Senate
▌Horatio Seymour (Democratic) 31 ATooltip New York State Assembly; 9 STooltip New York State Senate
Sources & further reading
North Carolina — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas L. Clingman | Democratic | — | — | Elected |
| William A. Graham | Whig | — | — | — |
| Bedford Brown | Democratic | — | — | — |
| Sion H. Rogers | Whig | — | — | — |
| Burgess S. Gaither | Whig | — | — | — |
| William N. H. Smith | Whig | — | — | — |
| Richard S. Donnell | Whig | — | — | — |
Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (January 31, 1861)
▌Y Thomas L. Clingman (Democratic) 85
▌William A. Graham (Whig) 17
▌Bedford Brown (Democratic) 16
▌Sion H. Rogers (Whig) 11
▌Burgess S. Gaither (Whig) 6
▌William N. H. Smith (Whig) 4
▌Richard S. Donnell (Whig) 2
Scattering 6
Sources & further reading
Ohio — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salmon P. Chase | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| George E. Pugh | Democratic | — | — | — |
| Thomas Corwin | Republican | — | — | — |
Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (February 3, 1860)
▌Y Salmon P. Chase (Republican) 76
▌George E. Pugh (Democratic) 53
▌Thomas Corwin (Republican) 5
Sources & further reading
Ohio — Senate (Class 3) — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Sherman | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| William Kennon | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent resigned March 6, 1861. New member elected March 21, 1861. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (March 21, 1861)
▌Y John Sherman (Republican) 76
▌William Kennon (Democratic) 53
Sources & further reading
Oregon — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James Nesmith | Douglas Democratic | — | — | Elected |
| Matthew Deady | Breckinridge Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: Fourteenth ballot (October 2, 1860)
▌Y James Nesmith (Douglas Democratic) 27
▌Matthew Deady (Breckinridge Democratic) 22
Blank 1
Sources & further reading
Oregon — Senate (Class 2) — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward D. Baker | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| George H. Williams | Douglas Democrat | — | — | — |
| George L. Curry | Breckinridge Democrat | — | — | — |
| Lansing Stout | Breckinridge Democrat | — | — | — |
Seat vacant since March 4, 1859. New member elected October 2, 1860. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: Fourteenth ballot (October 2, 1860)
▌Y Edward D. Baker (Republican) 26
▌George H. Williams (Douglas Democrat) 20
▌George L. Curry (Breckinridge Democrat) 2
▌Lansing Stout (Breckinridge Democrat) 1
Blank 1
Sources & further reading
Pennsylvania — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edgar Cowan | People's | — | — | Elected |
| Henry D. Foster | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent retired. People's gain. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (January 8, 1861)
▌Y Edgar Cowan (People's) 98
▌Henry D. Foster (Democratic) 35
Sources & further reading
Pennsylvania — Senate (Class 1) — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| David Wilmot | People's | — | — | Elected |
| William H. Welsh | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent resigned March 4, 1861. New member elected March 14, 1861. People's hold. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (March 14, 1861)
▌Y David Wilmot (People's) 95
▌William H. Welsh (Democratic) 35
Scattering 2
Sources & further reading
Vermont — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jacob Collamer | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| Paul Dillingham | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (October 16, 1860)
▌Y Jacob Collamer (Republican) 198 HTooltip Vermont House of Representatives; 27 STooltip Vermont Senate
▌Paul Dillingham (Democratic) 24 HTooltip Vermont House of Representatives; 1 STooltip Vermont Senate
Sources & further reading
Virginia — Senate (Class 1) — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitman T. Willey | Union | — | — | Elected |
| Peter G. Van Winkle | Union | — | — | — |
| Daniel Lamb | Union | — | — | — |
Incumbent expelled July 11, 1861. New member elected July 9, 1861. Union gain. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (July 9, 1861)
▌Y Waitman T. Willey (Union) 22
▌Peter G. Van Winkle (Union) 10
▌Daniel Lamb (Union) 6
Sources & further reading
Virginia — Senate (Class 2) — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John S. Carlile | Union | — | — | Elected |
Incumbent expelled July 11, 1861. New member elected July 9, 1861. Union gain. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (July 9, 1861)
▌Y John S. Carlile (Union) 38
Sources & further reading
Wisconsin — Senate — General
Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Timothy O. Howe | Republican | — | — | Elected |
| Henry L. Palmer | Democratic | — | — | — |
Incumbent retired. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (January 23, 1861)
▌Y Timothy O. Howe (Republican) 82
▌Henry L. Palmer (Democratic) 34
Sources & further reading
Results: final · partial coverage · Elected candidates in regular races; continuing senators are not included
| Party / candidate | Votes | Vote share | Seats | Electoral votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James A. McDougall · California | — | — | 1 | — |
| Lafayette S. Foster · Connecticut | — | — | 1 | — |
| Lyman Trumbull · Illinois | — | — | 1 | — |
| Henry S. Lane · Indiana | — | — | 1 | — |
| James Harlan · Iowa | — | — | 1 | — |
| James H. Lane · Kansas | — | — | 1 | — |
| Samuel C. Pomeroy · Kansas | — | — | 1 | — |
| John C. Breckinridge · Kentucky | — | — | 1 | — |
| James Pearce · Maryland | — | — | 1 | — |
| Waldo P. Johnson · Missouri | — | — | 1 | — |
| Daniel Clark · New Hampshire | — | — | 1 | — |
| Ira Harris · New York | — | — | 1 | — |
| Thomas L. Clingman · North Carolina | — | — | 1 | — |
| Salmon P. Chase · Ohio | — | — | 1 | — |
| James Nesmith · Oregon | — | — | 1 | — |
| Edgar Cowan · Pennsylvania | — | — | 1 | — |
| Jacob Collamer · Vermont | — | — | 1 | — |
| Timothy O. Howe · Wisconsin | — | — | 1 | — |
The seat diagram shows only regular seats contested in this cycle, not the full Senate. Special races remain available in the state selector. Early cycles span two years and use legislative selection; missing or non-comparable vote totals are left blank. Candidate ideology is used where sourced; otherwise the broad election-era party tradition is used. Unassessed candidates are not assigned an ideology.
Sources & further reading
U.S. Senate historical party divisions