Senate

State Senate races in this election cycle, with separate candidate results and election-era ideology attribution.

State races and results map

Each race has its own denominator. Missing counts are blank. The interactive map uses modern state outlines as navigation references.

Alabama — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Willard Warner	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected July 13, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Willard Warner (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Alabama — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
George E. Spencer	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected July 13, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y George E. Spencer (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Arkansas — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Alexander McDonald	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected June 22, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Alexander McDonald (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Arkansas — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Benjamin F. Rice	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected June 23, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Benjamin F. Rice (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

California — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Eugene Casserly	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent lost re-election or retired. New senator elected in 1868. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Eugene Casserly (Democratic) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Connecticut — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William Buckingham	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1868 or 1869. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William Buckingham (Republican) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Delaware — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Thomas F. Bayard Sr.	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1869. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas F. Bayard Sr. (Democratic) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Delaware — Senate (Class 1) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
James A. Bayard Jr.	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Interim appointee elected January 19, 1869 to finish the term. Winner did not run for election to the next term; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James A. Bayard Jr. (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Florida — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Abijah Gilbert	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1868 or 1869. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Abijah Gilbert (Republican) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Florida — Senate (Class 1) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Adonijah Welch	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected June 17, 1868. Republican gain. Winner did not run for election to the next term; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Adonijah Welch (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Florida — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Thomas W. Osborn	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected June 25, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas W. Osborn (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Indiana — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Daniel D. Pratt	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Daniel D. Pratt (Republican) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Kentucky — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Thomas C. McCreery	Democratic	—	—	Elected
S. M. Barnes	Republican	—	—	—
Aaron Harding	Conservative	—	—	—

Incumbent resigned due to failing health. New senator elected February 18, 1868. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas C. McCreery (Democratic) 110

▌ S. M. Barnes (Republican) 9

▌ Aaron Harding (Conservative) 5

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Louisiana — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John S. Harris	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected July 8, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John S. Harris (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Louisiana — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William P. Kellogg	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected July 9, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William P. Kellogg (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maine — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Hannibal Hamlin Sr.	Republican	—	—	Elected
Albert Palmer Gould Sr.	Democratic	—	—	—
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain Jr.	Republican	—	—	—
Lot Myrick Morrill	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (January 19, 1869)

▌Y Hannibal Hamlin Sr. (Republican) 118 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 28 STooltip Maine Senate

▌Albert Palmer Gould Sr. (Democratic) 30 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 2 STooltip Maine Senate

▌Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain Jr. (Republican) 1 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 0 STooltip Maine Senate

▌Lot Myrick Morrill (Republican) 1 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 0 STooltip Maine Senate

▌Absent 1 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 0 STooltip Maine Senate

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maryland — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William T. Hamilton	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1868 or 1869. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William T. Hamilton (Democratic) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maryland — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
George Vickers	Democratic	—	—	Elected

New senator elected March 7, 1868. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y George Vickers (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Massachusetts — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Charles Sumner	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1869. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Charles Sumner (Republican) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Michigan — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Zachariah Chandler	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1869. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Zachariah Chandler (Republican) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Minnesota — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Alexander Ramsey	Republican	—	—	Elected
Charles W. Nash	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent re-elected in 1869. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Alexander Ramsey (Republican) 52 (80%)

▌Charles W. Nash (Democratic) 13 (20%)

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Missouri — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Carl Schurz	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1868. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Carl Schurz (Republican) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Nebraska — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Thomas Tipton	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1869. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas Tipton (Republican) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Nevada — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William M. Stewart	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1869. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William M. Stewart (Republican) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New Jersey — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John P. Stockton	Democratic	—	—	Elected
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1869. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John P. Stockton (Democratic) 42

▌Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (Republican) 34

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New York — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Reuben E. Fenton	Republican	—	—	Elected
Henry C. Murphy	Democratic	—	—	—
Henry S. Randall	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 19, 1869. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Reuben E. Fenton (Republican)

▌Henry C. Murphy (Democratic)

▌Henry S. Randall (Democratic)

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

North Carolina — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Joseph Abbott	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected July 14, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Joseph Abbott (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

North Carolina — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John Pool	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected July 14, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John Pool (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Ohio — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Allen G. Thurman	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected in 1868. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Allen G. Thurman (Democratic) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Pennsylvania — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John Scott	Republican	—	—	Elected
William A. Wallace	Democratic	—	—	—
Hiester Clymer	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election or retired. New senator elected January 19, 1869. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John Scott (Republican) 58.65%

▌William A. Wallace (Democratic) 38.35%

▌Hiester Clymer (Democratic) 0.75%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Rhode Island — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William Sprague IV	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1868. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William Sprague IV (Republican) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

South Carolina — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Thomas J. Robertson	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected July 15, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas J. Robertson (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

South Carolina — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Frederick A. Sawyer	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected July 16, 1868. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Frederick A. Sawyer (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Tennessee — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William G. Brownlow	Republican	—	—	Elected
William B. Stokes	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected early on October 22, 1867, for the term beginning March 4, 1869. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William G. Brownlow (Republican) 63

▌William B. Stokes (Republican) 39

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Vermont — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
George F. Edmunds	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1868. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y George F. Edmunds (Republican) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

West Virginia — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Arthur I. Boreman	Republican	—	—	Elected
Daniel Lamb	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election or retired. New senator elected in 1869. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Arthur I. Boreman (Republican) 43(H), 19(S) ▌Daniel Lamb (Republican) 10(H), 3(S)

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Wisconsin — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Matthew H. Carpenter	Republican	—	—	Elected
George Baldwin Smith	Democratic	—	—	—
William Pitt Lynde	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 27, 1869. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Matthew H. Carpenter (Republican) 67.19% ▌ George Baldwin Smith (Democratic) 32.03% ▌ William Pitt Lynde (Democratic) 0.78%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Results: final · partial coverage · Elected candidates in regular races; continuing senators are not included

Senate — recorded results
Party / candidate	Votes	Vote share	Seats	Electoral votes
Eugene Casserly · California	—	—	1	—
William Buckingham · Connecticut	—	—	1	—
Thomas F. Bayard Sr. · Delaware	—	—	1	—
Abijah Gilbert · Florida	—	—	1	—
Daniel D. Pratt · Indiana	—	—	1	—
Hannibal Hamlin Sr. · Maine	—	—	1	—
William T. Hamilton · Maryland	—	—	1	—
Charles Sumner · Massachusetts	—	—	1	—
Zachariah Chandler · Michigan	—	—	1	—
Alexander Ramsey · Minnesota	—	—	1	—
Carl Schurz · Missouri	—	—	1	—
Thomas Tipton · Nebraska	—	—	1	—
William M. Stewart · Nevada	—	—	1	—
John P. Stockton · New Jersey	—	—	1	—
Reuben E. Fenton · New York	—	—	1	—
Allen G. Thurman · Ohio	—	—	1	—
John Scott · Pennsylvania	—	—	1	—
William Sprague IV · Rhode Island	—	—	1	—
William G. Brownlow · Tennessee	—	—	1	—
George F. Edmunds · Vermont	—	—	1	—
Arthur I. Boreman · West Virginia	—	—	1	—
Matthew H. Carpenter · Wisconsin	—	—	1	—

The seat diagram shows only regular seats contested in this cycle, not the full Senate. Special races remain available in the state selector. Early cycles span two years and use legislative selection; missing or non-comparable vote totals are left blank. Candidate ideology is used where sourced; otherwise the broad election-era party tradition is used. Unassessed candidates are not assigned an ideology.

Sources & further reading

U.S. Senate historical party divisions

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab: Senate returns