Senate

State Senate races in this midterm cycle, with separate candidate results and election-era ideology attribution.

State races and results map

Each race has its own denominator. Missing counts are blank. The interactive map uses modern state outlines as navigation references.

Alabama — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
George Goldthwaite	Democratic	—	—	Elected
Willard Warner	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y George Goldthwaite (Democratic)

▌Willard Warner (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Arkansas — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Powell Clayton	Republican	—	—	Elected
Alexander McDonald	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Powell Clayton (Republican)

▌Alexander McDonald (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Delaware — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Eli Saulsbury	Democratic	—	—	Elected
Willard Saulsbury Sr.	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election to his older brother. New senator elected in 1870. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Eli Saulsbury (Democratic)

▌Willard Saulsbury Sr. (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Georgia — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Foster Blodgett	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1876 or 1877. Democratic loss. Senate later refused to seat Senator-elect Foster Blodgett. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Foster Blodgett (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Georgia — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Joshua Hill	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected in 1867, but not seated until readmission on February 1, 1871. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Joshua Hill (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Georgia — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Homer V. M. Miller	Democratic	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected February 24, 1871. Democratic gain. Unknown if winner ran for the next term or retired; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Homer V. M. Miller (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Georgia — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Thomas M. Norwood	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Foster Blodgett (R) had presented credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected. New senator elected November 14, 1871. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas M. Norwood (Democratic) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Illinois — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John A. Logan	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John A. Logan (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Iowa — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
George G. Wright	Republican	—	—	Elected
Thomas W. Claggett	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1870. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y George G. Wright (Republican)

▌Thomas W. Claggett (Democratic)

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Iowa — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
James B. Howell	Republican	—	—	Elected
John Thompson Stoneman	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent resigned December 6, 1869 due to ill health. New senator elected January 18, 1870. Winner did not seek election to the next term. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James B. Howell (Republican)

▌John Thompson Stoneman (Democratic)

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Kansas — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Alexander Caldwell	Republican	—	—	Elected
Edmund G. Ross	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1871. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Alexander Caldwell (Republican)

▌Edmund G. Ross (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Kentucky — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John W. Stevenson	Democratic	—	—	Elected
H. F. Finley	Republican	—	—	—
Richard M. Spalding	Democratic	—	—	—
John C. Breckinridge	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected December 16, 1869. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John W. Stevenson (Democratic) 117

▌ H. F. Finley (Republican) 10

▌ Richard M. Spalding (Democratic) 5

▌ John C. Breckinridge (Democratic) 1

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Louisiana — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Joseph R. West	Republican	—	—	Elected

Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Joseph R. West (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maine — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Lot M. Morrill	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1870 or 1871. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Lot M. Morrill (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maine — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Lot M. Morrill	Republican	—	—	Elected

Interim appointee elected January 19, 1870 to finish the term. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Lot M. Morrill (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Massachusetts — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Henry Wilson	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1871. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Henry Wilson (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Michigan — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Thomas W. Ferry	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected January 18, 1871. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas W. Ferry (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Minnesota — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William Windom	Republican	—	—	Elected
Richard A. Jones	Democratic	—	—	—
Morton S. Wilkinson	Republican	—	—	—
Cornelius F. Buck	Democratic	—	—	—
Thomas Wilson	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in January 1871. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William Windom (Republican) 43 (71.7%)

▌Richard A. Jones (Democratic) 14 (23.3%)

▌Morton S. Wilkinson (Republican) 1 (1.7%)

▌Cornelius F. Buck (Democratic) 1 (1.7%)

▌Thomas Wilson (Republican) 1 (1.7%)

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Minnesota — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Ozora P. Stearns	Republican	—	—	Elected
Eugene M. Wilson	Democratic	—	—	—
Amos Coggswell	Democratic	—	—	—
Ignatius L. Donnelly	Democratic	—	—	—

Interim appointee was not elected to finish the term. New senator elected January 22, 1871 to finish the term. Republican hold. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below. Instead, interim appointee was elected to the next term; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Ozora P. Stearns (Republican) 44 (73.3%)

▌Eugene M. Wilson (Democratic) 13 (21.7%)

▌Amos Coggswell (Democratic) 2 (3.3%)

▌Ignatius L. Donnelly (Democratic) 1 (1.7%)

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Mississippi — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
James L. Alcorn	Republican	—	—	Elected

Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected January 18, 1870. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James L. Alcorn (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Mississippi — Senate (Class 1) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Adelbert Ames	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected February 23, 1870. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Adelbert Ames (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Mississippi — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Hiram R. Revels	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected February 23, 1870. Republican gain. Unknown if winner ran for the next term or retired; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Hiram R. Revels (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Missouri — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Francis Preston Blair Jr.	Democratic	—	—	Elected
John B. Henderson	Republican	—	—	—
John F. Benjamin	Republican	—	—	—

Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 20, 1871 to finish the term. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Francis Preston Blair Jr. (Democratic) 61.5%

▌John B. Henderson (Republican) 35.5%

▌John F. Benjamin (Republican) 3.0%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Nebraska — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Phineas Hitchcock	Republican	—	—	Elected
John M. Thayer	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Phineas Hitchcock (Republican)

▌John M. Thayer (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New Hampshire — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Aaron H. Cragin	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1870. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Aaron H. Cragin (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New Jersey — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

North Carolina — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result

Incumbent lost renomination. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Seat remained vacant until January 30, 1872. Source candidate / selection detail: [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Oregon — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
James K. Kelly	Democratic	—	—	Elected
George H. Williams	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James K. Kelly (Democratic)

▌George H. Williams (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Rhode Island — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Henry B. Anthony	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1870. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Henry B. Anthony (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

South Carolina — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Thomas J. Robertson	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1870. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas J. Robertson (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Tennessee — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Henry Cooper	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Henry Cooper (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Texas — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Morgan C. Hamilton	Republican	—	—	Elected
Horace Broughton	Democratic	—	—	—
A. B. Norton	Independent	—	—	—

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected February 22, 1870. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the unexpired term; see above. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Morgan C. Hamilton (Republican) 71

▌ Horace Broughton (Democratic) 39

▌ A. B. Norton (Independent) 1

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Texas — Senate (Class 1) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
J. W. Flanagan	Republican	—	—	Elected
Nelson Plato	Democratic	—	—	—
S. D. Wood	Democratic	—	—	—
L. D. Evans	Democratic	—	—	—
A. B. Norton	Independent	—	—	—

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected February 22, 1870. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y J. W. Flanagan (Republican) 74

▌ Nelson Plato (Democratic) 32

▌ S. D. Wood (Democratic) 3

▌ L. D. Evans (Democratic) 1

▌ A. B. Norton (Independent) 1

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Texas — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Morgan C. Hamilton	Republican	—	—	Elected
Albert H. Latimer	Democratic	—	—	—
J. J. Jarvis	Democratic	—	—	—
J. W. Glenn	Independent	—	—	—
Nelson Plato	Democratic	—	—	—
X. B. Saunders	Democratic	—	—	—

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected February 22, 1870. Allowed to take office when state readmitted on March 30, 1870. Republican gain. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Morgan C. Hamilton (Republican) 69

▌ Albert H. Latimer (Democratic) 35

▌ J. J. Jarvis (Democratic) 4

▌ J. W. Glenn (Independent) 1

▌ Nelson Plato (Democratic) 1

▌ X. B. Saunders (Democratic) 1

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Virginia — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result

Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Seat remained vacant until March 15, 1871. Source candidate / selection detail: [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Virginia — Senate (Class 1) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John F. Lewis	Republican	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected January 26, 1870. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John F. Lewis (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Virginia — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John W. Johnston	Democratic	—	—	Elected

State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected January 26, 1870. Democratic gain. Winner was also elected late to the next term; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John W. Johnston (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Virginia — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John W. Johnston	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Legislature had failed to elect. Previous incumbent re-elected March 15, 1871. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌ Y John W. Johnston (Democratic) [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

West Virginia — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Henry G. Davis	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1871. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Henry G. Davis (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Results: final · partial coverage · Elected candidates in regular races; continuing senators are not included

Senate — recorded results
Party / candidate	Votes	Vote share	Seats	Electoral votes
George Goldthwaite · Alabama	—	—	1	—
Powell Clayton · Arkansas	—	—	1	—
Eli Saulsbury · Delaware	—	—	1	—
Foster Blodgett · Georgia	—	—	1	—
John A. Logan · Illinois	—	—	1	—
George G. Wright · Iowa	—	—	1	—
Alexander Caldwell · Kansas	—	—	1	—
John W. Stevenson · Kentucky	—	—	1	—
Joseph R. West · Louisiana	—	—	1	—
Lot M. Morrill · Maine	—	—	1	—
Henry Wilson · Massachusetts	—	—	1	—
Thomas W. Ferry · Michigan	—	—	1	—
William Windom · Minnesota	—	—	1	—
James L. Alcorn · Mississippi	—	—	1	—
Phineas Hitchcock · Nebraska	—	—	1	—
Aaron H. Cragin · New Hampshire	—	—	1	—
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen · New Jersey	—	—	1	—
James K. Kelly · Oregon	—	—	1	—
Henry B. Anthony · Rhode Island	—	—	1	—
Thomas J. Robertson · South Carolina	—	—	1	—
Henry Cooper · Tennessee	—	—	1	—
Morgan C. Hamilton · Texas	—	—	1	—
Henry G. Davis · West Virginia	—	—	1	—

The seat diagram shows only regular seats contested in this cycle, not the full Senate. Special races remain available in the state selector. Early cycles span two years and use legislative selection; missing or non-comparable vote totals are left blank. Candidate ideology is used where sourced; otherwise the broad election-era party tradition is used. Unassessed candidates are not assigned an ideology.

Sources & further reading

U.S. Senate historical party divisions

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab: Senate returns