Senate

State Senate races in this midterm cycle, with separate candidate results and election-era ideology attribution.

State races and results map

Each race has its own denominator. Missing counts are blank. The interactive map uses modern state outlines as navigation references.

California — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Newton Booth	Anti-Monopoly	—	—	Elected

Incumbent resigned November 29, 1873. New senator elected early December 20, 1873. Anti-Monopoly gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Newton Booth (Anti-Monopoly) 60

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Connecticut — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William W. Eaton	Democratic	—	—	Elected
William A. Buckingham	Republican	—	—	—
Joseph R. Hawley	Republican	—	—	—
Charles R. Ingersoll	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected May 19, 1874. Democratic gain. Incumbent died February 5, 1875, and Eaton was appointed to finish the term. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William W. Eaton (Democratic) 59.95%

▌William A. Buckingham (Republican) 32.39%

▌Joseph R. Hawley (Republican) 4.45%

▌Charles R. Ingersoll (Democratic) 1.62%

Others 1.62%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Delaware — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Thomas F. Bayard	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1875. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas F. Bayard (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Florida — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Charles W. Jones	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1875. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Charles W. Jones (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Indiana — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Joseph E. McDonald	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1874 or 1875. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Joseph E. McDonald (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Kansas — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
James M. Harvey	Republican	—	—	Elected

Interim appointee retired February 2, 1874. New senator elected February 2, 1874. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James M. Harvey (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maine — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Hannibal Hamlin Sr.	Republican	—	—	Elected
John Coffin Talbot Jr.	Democratic	—	—	—
Sidney Perham Sr.	Republican	—	—	—
William Pickering Haines Sr.	Democratic	—	—	—
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain Jr.	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: First ballot (January 19, 1875)

▌Y Hannibal Hamlin Sr. (Republican) 85 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 27 STooltip Maine Senate

▌John Coffin Talbot Jr. (Democratic) 50 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 3 STooltip Maine Senate

▌Sidney Perham Sr. (Republican) 3 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 0 STooltip Maine Senate

▌William Pickering Haines Sr. (Democratic) 1 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 0 STooltip Maine Senate

▌Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain Jr. (Republican) 1 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 0 STooltip Maine Senate

▌Absent 11 HTooltip Maine House of Representatives; 1 STooltip Maine Senate

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maryland — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William P. Whyte	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired to run for Maryland Governor. New senator elected in 1874. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William P. Whyte (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Massachusetts — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Henry L. Dawes	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1875. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Henry L. Dawes (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Massachusetts — Senate (Class 1) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William B. Washburn	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent died March 12, 1874. New senator elected April 17, 1874. Republican gain. Winner did not run for the next term; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William B. Washburn (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Michigan — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Isaac P. Christiancy	Republican	—	—	Elected
Zachariah Chandler	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1874. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Isaac P. Christiancy (Republican)

▌Zachariah Chandler (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Minnesota — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Samuel J. R. McMillan	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1875. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Samuel J. R. McMillan (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Mississippi — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Blanche Bruce	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in February 1874. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Blanche Bruce (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Mississippi — Senate (Class 1) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Henry R. Pease	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent resigned March 17, 1873, to become Governor of Mississippi. New senator elected February 3, 1874. Republican hold. Winner did not run for the next term; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Henry R. Pease (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Missouri — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Francis Cockrell	Democratic	—	—	Elected
Carl Schurz	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1874. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Francis Cockrell (Democratic)

▌Carl Schurz (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Nebraska — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Algernon Paddock	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1875. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Algernon Paddock (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Nevada — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William Sharon	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 12, 1875. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William Sharon (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New Jersey — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Theodore Fitz Randolph	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1875. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Theodore Fitz Randolph (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New York — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Francis Kernan	Democratic	—	—	Elected
Edwin D. Morgan	Republican	—	—	—
John T. Hoffman	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 20, 1875. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Francis Kernan (Democratic) 87

▌Edwin D. Morgan (Republican) 68

▌John T. Hoffman (Democratic) 1

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Ohio — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Allen G. Thurman	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1874. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Allen G. Thurman (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Pennsylvania — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William A. Wallace	Democratic	—	—	Elected
John Allison	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 19, 1875. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William A. Wallace (Democratic) 49.8%

▌John Allison (Republican) 46.22%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Rhode Island — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Ambrose Burnside	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1875. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Ambrose Burnside (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Tennessee — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Andrew Johnson	Democratic	—	—	Elected
John C. Brown	Democratic	—	—	—
William B. Bate	Democratic	—	—	—
William A. Quarles	Liberal Republican	—	—	—
John H. Stephens	Democratic	—	—	—
John Houston Savage	Democratic	—	—	—
Gustavus Adolphus Henry Sr.	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 26, 1875, on the 54th ballot. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Andrew Johnson (Democratic) 52

▌John C. Brown (Democratic)

▌William B. Bate (Democratic)

▌William A. Quarles (Liberal Republican)

▌John H. Stephens (Democratic)

▌John Houston Savage (Democratic)

▌Gustavus Adolphus Henry Sr. (Democratic)

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Texas — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Samuel B. Maxey	Democratic	—	—	Elected
James W. Throckmorton	Democratic	—	—	—
Edward T. Randle	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected on January 28, 1875. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Samuel B. Maxey (Democratic) 59

▌James W. Throckmorton (Democratic) 40

▌Edward T. Randle (Republican) 13

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Vermont — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
George F. Edmunds	Republican	—	—	Elected
Edward J. Phelps	Democratic	—	—	—
Charles W. Willard	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent re-elected on October 20, 1874. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y George F. Edmunds (Republican) 279

▌Edward J. Phelps (Democratic) 49

▌Charles W. Willard (Republican) 13

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Virginia — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Robert E. Withers	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1875. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Robert E. Withers (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

West Virginia — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Allen T. Caperton	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1874 or 1875. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Allen T. Caperton (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Wisconsin — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Angus Cameron	Republican	—	—	Elected
Matthew H. Carpenter	Republican	—	—	—
George C. Hazelton	Republican	—	—	—
Orsamus Cole	Republican	—	—	—
Edward S. Bragg	Democratic	—	—	—
Cadwallader C. Washburn	Republican	—	—	—
Luther S. Dixon	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 3, 1875. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Angus Cameron (Republican)

▌Matthew H. Carpenter (Republican)

▌George C. Hazelton (Republican)

▌Orsamus Cole (Republican)

▌Edward S. Bragg (Democratic)

▌Cadwallader C. Washburn (Republican)

▌Luther S. Dixon (Republican)

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Results: final · partial coverage · Elected candidates in regular races; continuing senators are not included

Senate — recorded results
Party / candidate	Votes	Vote share	Seats	Electoral votes
Newton Booth · California	—	—	1	—
William W. Eaton · Connecticut	—	—	1	—
Thomas F. Bayard · Delaware	—	—	1	—
Charles W. Jones · Florida	—	—	1	—
Joseph E. McDonald · Indiana	—	—	1	—
Hannibal Hamlin Sr. · Maine	—	—	1	—
William P. Whyte · Maryland	—	—	1	—
Henry L. Dawes · Massachusetts	—	—	1	—
Isaac P. Christiancy · Michigan	—	—	1	—
Samuel J. R. McMillan · Minnesota	—	—	1	—
Blanche Bruce · Mississippi	—	—	1	—
Francis Cockrell · Missouri	—	—	1	—
Algernon Paddock · Nebraska	—	—	1	—
William Sharon · Nevada	—	—	1	—
Theodore Fitz Randolph · New Jersey	—	—	1	—
Francis Kernan · New York	—	—	1	—
Allen G. Thurman · Ohio	—	—	1	—
William A. Wallace · Pennsylvania	—	—	1	—
Ambrose Burnside · Rhode Island	—	—	1	—
Andrew Johnson · Tennessee	—	—	1	—
Samuel B. Maxey · Texas	—	—	1	—
George F. Edmunds · Vermont	—	—	1	—
Robert E. Withers · Virginia	—	—	1	—
Allen T. Caperton · West Virginia	—	—	1	—
Angus Cameron · Wisconsin	—	—	1	—

The seat diagram shows only regular seats contested in this cycle, not the full Senate. Special races remain available in the state selector. Early cycles span two years and use legislative selection; missing or non-comparable vote totals are left blank. Candidate ideology is used where sourced; otherwise the broad election-era party tradition is used. Unassessed candidates are not assigned an ideology.

Sources & further reading

U.S. Senate historical party divisions

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab: Senate returns