Senate

State Senate races in this election cycle, with separate candidate results and election-era ideology attribution.

State races and results map

Each race has its own denominator. Missing counts are blank. The interactive map uses modern state outlines as navigation references.

Alabama — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John T. Morgan	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John T. Morgan (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Arkansas — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
James H. Berry	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James H. Berry (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Colorado — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Edward O. Wolcott	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1889. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Edward O. Wolcott (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Delaware — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Anthony C. Higgins	Republican	—	—	Elected
Eli Saulsbury	Democratic	—	—	—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1888 or 1889. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Anthony C. Higgins (Republican)

▌Eli Saulsbury (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Georgia — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Alfred H. Colquitt	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Alfred H. Colquitt (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Illinois — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Shelby M. Cullom	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Shelby M. Cullom (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Iowa — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
James F. Wilson	Republican	—	—	Elected
Thomas J. Anderson	Democratic	—	—	—
Daniel Campbell	Unknown	—	—	—
J. R. Reed	Unknown	—	—	—
John A. T. Hull	Republican	—	—	—
Henry C. Wallace	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1888. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James F. Wilson (Republican)

▌Thomas J. Anderson (Democratic)

▌Daniel Campbell (Unknown)

▌J. R. Reed (Unknown)

▌John A. T. Hull (Republican)

▌Henry C. Wallace (Republican)

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Kansas — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Preston B. Plumb	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Preston B. Plumb (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Kentucky — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
James B. Beck	Democratic	—	—	Elected
William O. Bradley	Republican	—	—	—
A. H. Cardin	Labor	—	—	—

Incumbent re-elected January 10, 1888. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James B. Beck (Democratic) 94

▌ William O. Bradley (Republican) 31

▌ A. H. Cardin (Labor) 1

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Louisiana — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Randall L. Gibson	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Randall L. Gibson (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maine — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William P. Frye	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William P. Frye (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Massachusetts — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
George F. Hoar	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y George F. Hoar (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Michigan — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
James McMillan	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1889. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James McMillan (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Minnesota — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
W. D. Washburn	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected in 1888. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y W. D. Washburn (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Mississippi — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Edward C. Walthall	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Edward C. Walthall (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Nebraska — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Charles F. Manderson	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Charles F. Manderson (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New Hampshire — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result

Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Gilman Marston (R) was appointed to start the next term and Chandler was later elected to finish the term; see below. Source candidate / selection detail: [data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New Hampshire — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
William E. Chandler	Republican	—	—	Elected

Interim appointee retired or lost election to finish the term. New senator elected June 18, 1889. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William E. Chandler (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New Jersey — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John R. McPherson	Democratic	—	—	Elected
William J. Sewell	Republican	—	—	—

Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John R. McPherson (Democratic) 43

▌ William J. Sewell (Republican) 38

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

North Carolina — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Matt W. Ransom	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Matt W. Ransom (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

North Dakota — Senate (Class 1) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Lyman R. Casey	Republican	—	—	Elected
Martin N. Johnson	Republican	—	—	—
Daniel W. Maratta	Democratic	—	—	—

North Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889. First senators elected November 25, 1889. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Lyman R. Casey (Republican) 62

▌Martin N. Johnson (Republican) 26

▌Daniel W. Maratta (Democratic) 4

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

North Dakota — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Gilbert A. Pierce	Republican	—	—	Elected
Michael L. McCormack	Democratic	—	—	—

North Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889. First senators elected November 25, 1889. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Gilbert A. Pierce (Republican) 56

▌Michael L. McCormack (Democratic) 6

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Oregon — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Joseph N. Dolph	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Joseph N. Dolph (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Rhode Island — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Jonathan Chace	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Jonathan Chace (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Rhode Island — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Nathan F. Dixon III	Republican	—	—	Elected

Incumbent resigned April 9, 1889. New senator elected April 10, 1889. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Nathan F. Dixon III (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

South Carolina — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Matthew Butler	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Matthew Butler (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

South Dakota — Senate (Class 2) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Richard F. Pettigrew	Republican	—	—	Elected
Bartlett Tripp	Democratic	—	—	—

South Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889. First senators elected October 16, 1889, in advance of statehood. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Richard F. Pettigrew (Republican) 108

▌Bartlett Tripp (Democratic) 14

Absent/not voting 2

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

South Dakota — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Gideon C. Moody	Republican	—	—	Elected
Merritt H. Day	Democratic	—	—	—

South Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889. First senators elected October 16, 1889, in advance of statehood. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Gideon C. Moody (Republican) 107

▌Merritt H. Day (Democratic) 14

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Tennessee — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Isham G. Harris	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Isham G. Harris (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Texas — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Richard Coke	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1889. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Richard Coke (Democratic) 128

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Virginia — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John S. Barbour Jr.	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator elected early December 20, 1887. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John S. Barbour Jr. (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Washington — Senate (Class 1) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John B. Allen	Republican	—	—	Elected

Washington admitted to the Union November 11, 1889. First senators elected November 20, 1889. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John B. Allen (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Washington — Senate (Class 3) — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
Watson C. Squire	Republican	—	—	Elected

Washington admitted to the Union November 11, 1889. First senators elected November 20, 1889. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Watson C. Squire (Republican)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

West Virginia — Senate — General

Legislative / indirect selection. Legislative selection; popular-vote totals are not inferred

Candidate	Party	Votes	Share	Result
John E. Kenna	Democratic	—	—	Elected

Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John E. Kenna (Democratic)

[data missing]

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Results: final · partial coverage · Elected candidates in regular races; continuing senators are not included

Senate — recorded results
Party / candidate	Votes	Vote share	Seats	Electoral votes
John T. Morgan · Alabama	—	—	1	—
James H. Berry · Arkansas	—	—	1	—
Edward O. Wolcott · Colorado	—	—	1	—
Anthony C. Higgins · Delaware	—	—	1	—
Alfred H. Colquitt · Georgia	—	—	1	—
Shelby M. Cullom · Illinois	—	—	1	—
James F. Wilson · Iowa	—	—	1	—
Preston B. Plumb · Kansas	—	—	1	—
James B. Beck · Kentucky	—	—	1	—
Randall L. Gibson · Louisiana	—	—	1	—
William P. Frye · Maine	—	—	1	—
George F. Hoar · Massachusetts	—	—	1	—
James McMillan · Michigan	—	—	1	—
W. D. Washburn · Minnesota	—	—	1	—
Edward C. Walthall · Mississippi	—	—	1	—
Charles F. Manderson · Nebraska	—	—	1	—
John R. McPherson · New Jersey	—	—	1	—
Matt W. Ransom · North Carolina	—	—	1	—
Joseph N. Dolph · Oregon	—	—	1	—
Jonathan Chace · Rhode Island	—	—	1	—
Matthew Butler · South Carolina	—	—	1	—
Isham G. Harris · Tennessee	—	—	1	—
Richard Coke · Texas	—	—	1	—
John S. Barbour Jr. · Virginia	—	—	1	—
John E. Kenna · West Virginia	—	—	1	—

The seat diagram shows only regular seats contested in this cycle, not the full Senate. Special races remain available in the state selector. Early cycles span two years and use legislative selection; missing or non-comparable vote totals are left blank. Candidate ideology is used where sourced; otherwise the broad election-era party tradition is used. Unassessed candidates are not assigned an ideology.

Sources & further reading

U.S. Senate historical party divisions

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab: Senate returns