Independent election coverage
World of Elections

Senate

United States elections · 1914 · held

State Senate races in this midterm cycle, with separate candidate results and election-era ideology attribution.

State races and results map

Each race has its own denominator. Missing counts are blank. The interactive map uses modern state outlines as navigation references.

Alabama — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Oscar UnderwoodDemocratic6338978.13%Elected
Alex C. BirchRepublican1232015.18%—
Adolphus P. LongshoreProgressive42635.25%—
S. F. HintonSocialist11591.43%—
Write-inWrite-in20.00%—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Oscar Underwood (Democratic) 90.2%

▌Alex Birch (Republican) 6.8%

Others

▌Adolphus Longshore (Progressive) 2.35%

▌S. F. Hinton (Socialist) 0.64%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Alabama — Senate (Class 3) — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Frank WhiteDemocratic8472099.93%Elected
Write-inWrite-in580.07%—

Joseph F. Johnston (D) died August 8, 1913. New senator elected May 11, 1914. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Frank White (Democratic)

Unopposed

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Arizona — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Marcus A. SmithDemocratic2580053.23%Elected
Don Lorenzo HubbellRepublican918318.95%—
Eugene W. ChafinProhibition729315.05%—
Bert DavisSocialist35827.39%—
J. Bernard NelsonProgressive26085.38%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) 53.23%

▌J. Lorenzo Hubbell (Republican) 18.95%

▌Eugene W. Chafin (Prohibition) 15.05%

▌Bert Davis (Socialist) 7.39%

▌J. Bernard Nelson (Progressive) 5.38%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Arkansas — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
James P. ClarkeDemocratic3344974.88%Elected
Harry H. MyersRepublican1122225.12%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James P. Clarke (Democratic) 74.88%

▌Harry H. Myers (Republican) 25.12%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

California — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
James D. PhelanDemocratic—31.59%Elected
Francis J. HeneyProgressive—28.81%—
Joseph R. KnowlandRepublican—28.69%—
Ernest UntermannSocialist—6.41%—
Frederick F. WheelerProhibition—4.51%—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James D. Phelan (Democratic) 31.59%

▌Francis J. Heney (Progressive) 28.81%

▌Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 28.69%

▌Ernest Untermann (Socialist) 6.41%

▌Frederick F. Wheeler (Prohibition) 4.51%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Colorado — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Charles S. ThomasDemocratic10203740.30%Elected
Hubert WorkRepublican9872838.99%—
Benjamin GriffithProgressive2707210.69%—
James C. GriffithsSocialist139435.51%—
George J. KindelIndependent114334.52%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Charles S. Thomas (Democratic) 40.3%

▌Hubert Work (Republican) 38.99%

▌Benjamin Griffith (Progressive) 10.69%

▌J. C. Griffiths (Socialist) 5.51%

▌George John Kindel (Independent) 4.52%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Connecticut — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Frank B. BrandegeeRepublican8998349.77%Elected
Simeon E. BaldwinDemocratic7608142.08%—
Herbert SmithProgressive68533.79%—
George SpiessSocialist58903.26%—
Frederick PlattProhibition13560.75%—
Clarence WarnerSocialist Labor6500.36%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Frank B. Brandegee (Republican) 49.77%

▌Simeon E. Baldwin (Democratic) 42.08%

▌Herbert Smith (Progressive) 3.79%

▌George Spiess (Socialist) 3.26%

Others

▌Frederick Platt (Prohibition) 0.75%

▌Clarence Warner (Socialist Labor) 0.36%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Florida — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Duncan U. FletcherDemocratic2276199.52%Elected
ScatteringN/A1100.48%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Duncan U. Fletcher (Democratic)

Unopposed

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Georgia — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Hoke SmithDemocratic—68.48%Elected
C. W. McClureRepublican—31.52%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Hoke Smith (Democratic) 68.48%

▌C. W. McClure (Republican) 31.52%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Georgia — Senate (Class 2) — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Thomas W. HardwickDemocratic—68.96%Elected
G. R. HutchinsProgressive—31.04%—

Appointee retired. New senator elected November 3, 1914. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas W. Hardwick (Democratic) 68.96%

▌G. R. Hutchins (Progressive) 31.04%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Idaho — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
James H. BradyRepublican4748643.89%Elected
James H. HawleyDemocratic4126638.14%—
Paul ClagstoneProgressive103219.54%—
Calistus CooperSocialist78887.29%—
W. M. DuthieProhibition12371.14%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James H. Brady (Republican) 43.89%

▌James H. Hawley (Democratic) 38.14%

▌Paul Clagstone (Progressive) 9.54%

▌Calistus Cooper (Socialist) 7.29%

▌W. M. Duthie (Prohibition) 1.14%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Illinois — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Lawrence Y. ShermanRepublican39066138.46%Elected
Roger C. SullivanDemocratic37340336.76%—
Raymond RobinsProgressive20302719.99%—
Adolph GermerSocialist398893.93%—
George W. WoolseyProhibition67500.67%—
John M. FrancesSocialist Labor20780.21%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) 38.46%

▌Roger Charles Sullivan (Democratic) 36.76%

▌Raymond Robins (Progressive) 19.99%

▌Adolph Gernies (Socialist) 3.93%

Others

▌George Woolsey (Prohibition) 0.66%

▌John M. Francis (Socialist Labor) 0.21%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Indiana — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Benjamin F. ShivelyDemocratic27224942.14%Elected
Hugh Thomas MillerRepublican22676635.10%—
Albert J. BeveridgeProgressive10858116.81%—
Stephen N. ReynoldsSocialist217193.36%—
Sumner W. HaynesProhibition138602.15%—
James MatthewsSocialist Labor28840.45%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Benjamin F. Shively (Democratic) 42.14%

▌Hugh T. Miller (Republican) 35.1%

▌Albert J. Beveridge (Progressive) 16.81%

▌Stephen N. Reynolds (Socialist) 3.36%

Others

▌Sumner Haynes (Prohibition) 2.15%

▌James Matthews (Socialist Labor) 0.45%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Iowa — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Albert B. CumminsRepublican20583248.19%Elected
Maurice ConnollyDemocratic16725139.16%—
Otis SpurgeonIndependent244905.73%—
Casper SchenkProgressive150583.53%—
I. S. McCullisSocialist84621.98%—
M. L. ChristianProhibition60091.41%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Albert B. Cummins (Republican) 48.19%

▌Maurice Connolly (Democratic) 39.16%

▌Otis Spurgeon (Independent) 5.73%

▌Casper Schenk (Progressive) 3.53%

Others

▌I. S. McCullis (Socialist) 1.98%

▌M. L. Christian (Prohibition) 1.41%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Kansas — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Charles CurtisRepublican18082335.53%Elected
George A. NeeleyDemocratic17692934.77%—
Victor MurdockProgressive11675522.94%—
Christian B. HoffmanSocialist245024.82%—
Earle R. DelayProhibition98851.94%—

Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Charles Curtis (Republican) 35.53%

▌George A. Neeley (Democratic) 34.77%

▌Victor Murdock (Progressive) 22.94%

▌Christian B. Hoffman (Socialist) 4.82%

▌Earle Delay (Prohibition) 1.94%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Kentucky — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
J. C. W. BeckhamDemocratic17660551.89%Elected
Augustus E. WillsonRepublican14475842.53%—
Burton VanceProgressive141084.15%—
H. J. RobertsonSocialist48901.44%—

Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y J. C. W. Beckham (Democratic) 51.89%

▌Augustus E. Willson (Republican) 42.53%

▌Burton Vance (Progressive) 4.15%

▌H. J. Robertson (Socialist) 1.44%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Kentucky — Senate (Class 3) — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Johnson N. Camden Jr.Democratic17779753.99%Elected
William Marshall BullittRepublican13313940.43%—
George NicholasProgressive136414.14%—
Frank E. SeedsSocialist47701.45%—

Interim appointee elected November 3, 1914. Winner did not run for the next term, see below. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Johnson N. Camden Jr. (Democratic) 53.98%

▌William Marshall Bullitt (Republican) 40.43%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Louisiana — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Robert F. BroussardDemocratic——Elected

Incumbent retired. New senator had already been elected early May 21, 1912. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Robert F. Broussard (Democratic)

Unopposed

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maryland — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
John W. SmithDemocratic—50.99%Elected
Edward C. Carrington Jr.Republican—43.89%—
V. Milton ReichardProgressive—1.71%—
Charles DevelinSocialist—1.51%—
Richard H. HolmeProhibition—1.46%—
Robert W. StevensLabor—0.45%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John W. Smith (Democratic) 50.99%

▌Edward C. Carrington Jr. (Republican) 43.89%

Others

▌V. Milton Reichard (Progressive) 1.71%

▌Charles Develin (Socialist) 1.51%

▌Richard H. Holme (Prohibition) 1.46%

▌Robert W. Stevens (Labor) 0.45%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Missouri — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
William J. StoneDemocratic31161650.41%Elected
Thomas AkinsRepublican25705441.58%—
Arthur N. SagerProgressive276094.47%—
Thomas E. GreeneSocialist170612.76%—
Orange J. HillProhibition36360.59%—
J. W. MolineauxSocialist Labor12510.20%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William J. Stone (Democratic) 50.41%

▌Thomas J. Akins (Republican) 41.58%

▌Arthur N. Sager (Progressive) 4.47%

▌Thomas E. Greene (Socialist) 2.76%

Others

▌Orange J. Hill (Prohibition) 0.59%

▌J. W. Molineaux (Socialist Labor) 0.2%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Nevada — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Francis G. NewlandsDemocratic807837.46%Elected
Samuel PlattRepublican803837.27%—
Ashley G. MillerSocialist545125.28%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Francis G. Newlands (Democratic) 37.46%

▌Samuel Platt (Republican) 37.27%

▌Ashley G. Miller (Socialist) 25.28%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New Hampshire — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Jacob H. GallingerRepublican—51.66%Elected
Raymond B. StevensDemocratic—44.63%—
Benjamin F. GrierProhibition—2.38%—
William H. WilkinsSocialist—1.34%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Jacob H. Gallinger (Republican) 51.66%

▌Raymond B. Stevens (Democratic) 44.63%

Others

▌Benjamin F. Grier (Prohibition) 2.38%

▌William H. Wilkins (Socialist) 1.34%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New York — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
James W. WadsworthRepublican—47.04%Elected
James W. GerardDemocratic—42.06%—
Bainbridge ColbyProgressive—4.56%—
Charles Edward RussellSocialist—4.07%—
Francis E. BaldwinProhibition—2.05%—
Erwin ArcherSocialist Labor—0.23%—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James W. Wadsworth (Republican) 47.04%

▌James W. Gerard (Democratic) 42.06%

▌Bainbridge Colby (Progressive) 4.56%

▌Charles Edward Russell (Socialist) 4.07%

Others

▌Francis E. Baldwin (Prohibition) 2.05%

▌Erwin Archer (Socialist Labor) 0.23%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

North Carolina — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Lee S. OvermanDemocratic12134258.10%Elected
Adolphus A. WhitenerRepublican8710141.70%—
Henry J. OliverSocialist4250.20%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Lee S. Overman (Democratic) 58.1%

▌A. A. Whitener (Republican) 41.7%

▌Henry J. Oliver (Socialist) 0.2%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

North Dakota — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Asle GronnaRepublican4873255.82%Elected
William E. PurcellDemocratic2964033.95%—
W. H. BrownSocialist62317.14%—
Sever SerumgardIndependent27073.10%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Asle Gronna (Republican) 55.82%

▌William E. Purcell (Democratic) 33.95%

▌W. H. Brown (Socialist) 7.14%

▌Sever Serumgard (Independent) 3.1%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Ohio — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Warren G. HardingRepublican52611549.16%Elected
Timothy S. HoganDemocratic42374239.60%—
Arthur Lovett GarfordProgressive675096.31%—
F. K. HitchensSocialist528034.93%—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Warren G. Harding (Republican) 49.16%

▌Timothy S. Hogan (Democratic) 39.6%

▌Arthur Lovett Garford (Progressive) 6.31%

▌E. K. Hitchens (Socialist) 4.93%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Oklahoma — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Thomas GoreDemocratic—47.98%Elected
John B. CampbellRepublican—29.44%—
W. D. CopeSocialist—20.99%—
Luther KyleProhibition—1.59%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Thomas Gore (Democratic) 47.98%

▌John B. Campbell (Republican) 29.44%

▌W. D. Cope (Socialist) 20.99%

▌Luther Kyle (Prohibition) 1.59%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Oregon — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
George E. ChamberlainDemocratic11174845.50%Elected
R. A. BoothRepublican8829735.95%—
Bill HanleyProgressive2822010.68%—
Benjamin Franklin RampSocialist106664.34%—
H. S. StineProhibition86493.52%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y George E. Chamberlain (Democratic) 45.5%

▌R. A. Booth (Republican) 35.95%

▌Bill Hanley (Progressive) 10.68%

▌Benjamin Ramp (Socialist) 4.34%

▌H. S. Stine (Prohibition) 3.52%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Pennsylvania — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Boies PenroseRepublican51981046.75%Elected
Gifford PinchotProgressive26926524.22%—
Alexander Mitchell PalmerDemocratic26643623.96%—
Fred W. WhitesideSocialist379503.41%—
Madison F. LarkinProhibition176851.59%—
A. S. LandisIndustrial6800.06%—
Write-inWrite-in1060.01%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Boies Penrose (Republican) 46.76%

▌Gifford Pinchot (Progressive) 24.22%

▌A. Mitchell Palmer (Democratic) 23.97%

▌Frederick Whiteside (Socialist) 3.41%

Others

▌Madison Larkin (Prohibition) 1.58%

▌A. S. Landis (Socialist Labor) 0.06%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

South Carolina — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Ellison D. SmithDemocratic—99.70%Elected
James H. RobertsSocialist—0.30%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Ellison D. Smith (Democratic) 99.7%

▌James H. Roberts (Socialist) 0.3%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

South Dakota — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Edwin S. JohnsonDemocratic4807648.32%Elected
Charles H. BurkeRepublican4424444.47%—
E. P. JohnsonSocialist26742.69%—
O. W. ButterfieldProhibition24062.42%—
H. L. LoucksIndependent21042.11%—

Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Edwin S. Johnson (Democratic) 48.32%

▌Charles H. Burke (Republican) 44.47%

▌E. P. Johnson (Socialist) 2.69%

Others

▌O. W. Butterfield (Prohibition) 2.42%

▌H. L. Loucks (Independent) 2.11%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Utah — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Reed SmootRepublican5628149.08%Elected
James MoyleDemocratic5312846.33%—
J. F. ParsonsSocialist52574.59%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Reed Smoot (Republican) 49.08%

▌James Moyle (Democratic) 46.33%

▌J. F. Parsons (Socialist) 4.59%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Vermont — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
William P. DillinghamRepublican—56.05%Elected
Charles A. ProutyDemocratic—42.69%—
James H. CanfieldSocialist—1.23%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William P. Dillingham (Republican) 56.05%

▌Charles A. Prouty (Democratic) 42.69%

▌James H. Canfield (Socialist) 1.23%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Washington — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Wesley L. JonesRepublican—37.79%Elected
William W. BlackDemocratic—26.57%—
Ole HansonProgressive—24.12%—
Adam BarthSocialist—8.76%—
Arthur CatonProhibition—2.77%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Wesley L. Jones (Republican) 37.79%

▌William W. Black (Democratic) 26.57%

▌Ole Hanson (Progressive) 24.12%

▌Adam Barth (Socialist) 8.76%

▌Arthur Caton (Prohibition) 2.77%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Wisconsin — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Paul O. HustingDemocratic13492543.81%Elected
Francis E. McGovernRepublican13396943.50%—
Emil SeidelSocialist297749.67%—
Charles L. HillProhibition92763.01%—
Write-inWrite-in580.02%—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Paul O. Husting (Democratic) 43.82%

▌Francis E. McGovern (Republican) 43.5%

▌Emil Seidel (Socialist) 9.67%

▌Charles L. Hill (Prohibition) 3.01%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Results: final · partial coverage · Elected candidates in regular races; continuing senators are not included

Senate — recorded results
Party / candidateVotesVote shareSeatsElectoral votes
Oscar Underwood · Alabama——1—
Marcus A. Smith · Arizona——1—
James P. Clarke · Arkansas——1—
James D. Phelan · California——1—
Charles S. Thomas · Colorado——1—
Frank B. Brandegee · Connecticut——1—
Duncan U. Fletcher · Florida——1—
Hoke Smith · Georgia——1—
James H. Brady · Idaho——1—
Lawrence Y. Sherman · Illinois——1—
Benjamin F. Shively · Indiana——1—
Albert B. Cummins · Iowa——1—
Charles Curtis · Kansas——1—
J. C. W. Beckham · Kentucky——1—
Robert F. Broussard · Louisiana——1—
John W. Smith · Maryland——1—
William J. Stone · Missouri——1—
Francis G. Newlands · Nevada——1—
Jacob H. Gallinger · New Hampshire——1—
James W. Wadsworth · New York——1—
Lee S. Overman · North Carolina——1—
Asle Gronna · North Dakota——1—
Warren G. Harding · Ohio——1—
Thomas Gore · Oklahoma——1—
George E. Chamberlain · Oregon——1—
Boies Penrose · Pennsylvania——1—
Ellison D. Smith · South Carolina——1—
Edwin S. Johnson · South Dakota——1—
Reed Smoot · Utah——1—
William P. Dillingham · Vermont——1—
Wesley L. Jones · Washington——1—
Paul O. Husting · Wisconsin——1—

The seat diagram shows only regular seats contested in this cycle, not the full Senate. Special races remain available in the state selector. Early cycles span two years and use legislative selection; missing or non-comparable vote totals are left blank. Candidate ideology is used where sourced; otherwise the broad election-era party tradition is used. Unassessed candidates are not assigned an ideology.

Sources & further reading

U.S. Senate historical party divisions

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab: Senate returns