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World of Elections

Senate

United States elections · 1916 · held

State Senate races in this election cycle, with separate candidate results and election-era ideology attribution.

State races and results map

Each race has its own denominator. Missing counts are blank. The interactive map uses modern state outlines as navigation references.

Arizona — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Henry F. AshurstDemocratic2987355.36%Elected
Joseph Henry KibbeyRepublican2126139.40%—
W. S. BradfordSocialist28275.24%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 55.36%

▌Joseph Henry Kibbey (Republican) 39.4%

▌W. S. Bradford (Socialist) 5.24%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Arkansas — Senate (Class 3) — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
William F. KirbyDemocratic11029369.27%Elected
Harmon L. RemmelRepublican4892230.73%—

Incumbent died October 1, 1916. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William F. Kirby (Democratic) 69.27%

▌Harmon L. Remmel (Republican) 30.73%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

California — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Hiram JohnsonRepublican57466761.09%Elected
George S. PattonDemocratic27785229.54%—
Walter Thomas MillsSocialist493415.25%—
Marshall W. AtwoodProhibition387974.12%—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Hiram Johnson (Republican) 61.09%

▌George S. Patton (Democratic) 29.54%

▌Walter Thomas Mills (Socialist) 5.25%

▌Marshall Atwood (Prohibition) 4.12%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Connecticut — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
George P. McLeanRepublican—50.17%Elected
Homer Stille CummingsDemocratic—46.24%—
Martin PlunkettSocialist—2.48%—
Wilbur ManchesterProhibition—0.83%—
Otto RuckserSocialist Labor—0.29%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y George P. McLean (Republican) 50.17%

▌Homer Stille Cummings (Democratic) 46.24%

Others

▌Martin Plunkett (Socialist) 2.48%

▌Wilbur Manchester (Prohibition) 0.83%

▌Otto Ruckser (Socialist Labor) 0.29%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Delaware — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Josiah O. WolcottDemocratic2543449.67%Elected
Henry A. du PontRepublican2292544.77%—
Hiram R. BurtonProgressive23614.61%—
William C. FerrisSocialist4900.96%—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Josiah O. Wolcott (Democratic) 49.67%

▌Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 44.77%

▌Hiram A. Burton (Progressive) 4.61%

▌William C. Ferris (Socialist) 0.96%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Florida — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Park TrammellDemocratic5839182.86%Elected
William R. O'NealRepublican877412.45%—
R. L. GoodwinSocialist33044.69%—

Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Park Trammell (Democratic) 82.86%

▌William O'Neal (Republican) 12.45%

▌R. L. Goodwin (Socialist) 4.69%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Indiana — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Harry S. NewRepublican—47.77%Elected
John W. KernDemocratic—46.14%—
Joseph ZimmermanSocialist—3.06%—
Elwood HaynesProhibition—2.21%—
John N. DyerProgressive—0.61%—
Ira DeckerSocialist Labor—0.22%—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Harry S. New (Republican) 47.77%

▌John W. Kern (Democratic) 46.14%

▌Joseph Zimmerman (Socialist) 3.06%

Others

▌Elwood Haynes (Prohibition) 2.21%

▌John N. Dyer (Progressive) 0.61%

▌Ira Decker (Socialist Labor) 0.22%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Indiana — Senate (Class 3) — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
James E. WatsonRepublican—47.66%Elected
Thomas TaggartDemocratic—46.29%—
Edward HenrySocialist—3.08%—
William H. HickmanProhibition—2.29%—
John F. CliffordProgressive—0.68%—

Interim appointee lost election to finish term. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James E. Watson (Republican) 47.66%

▌Thomas Taggart (Democratic) 46.29%

▌Edward Henry (Socialist) 3.08%

Others

▌William H. Hickman (Prohibition) 2.29%

▌John F. Clifford (Progressive) 0.68%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maine — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Frederick HaleRepublican7948152.72%Elected
Charles F. JohnsonDemocratic6948646.09%—
James F. CareySocialist15101.00%—
Arthur C. JohnsonProhibition2790.19%—
Write-inWrite-in70.01%—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Frederick Hale (Republican) 52.72%

▌Charles F. Johnson (Democratic) 46.09%

Others

▌James F. Carey (Socialist) 1.0%

▌Arthur C. Jackson (Prohibition) 0.19%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maine — Senate (Class 2) — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Bert M. FernaldRepublican—54.28%Elected
Kenneth C. M. SillsDemocratic—45.49%—
Frederick ShepherdProhibition—0.23%—

Incumbent died June 16, 1916. A new senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Bert M. Fernald (Republican) 54.28%

▌Kenneth C. M. Sills (Democratic) 45.49%

▌Frederick Shepherd (Prohibition) 0.23%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Maryland — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Joseph I. FranceRepublican11366249.32%Elected
David John LewisDemocratic10974047.62%—
James W. FrizzellProhibition33251.44%—
Sylvester L. YoungSocialist25901.12%—
Robert E. LongLabor11430.50%—

Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Joseph I. France (Republican) 49.32%

▌David John Lewis (Democratic) 47.62%

Others

▌James Frizzell (Prohibition) 1.44%

▌Sylvester Young (Socialist) 1.12%

▌Frank Lang (Labor) 0.5%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Massachusetts — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Henry Cabot LodgeRepublican26717751.68%Elected
John F. FitzgeraldDemocratic23423845.31%—
William N. McDonaldSocialist155583.01%—
All othersWrite-in260.00%—

Incumbent re-elected Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 51.68%

▌John F. Fitzgerald (Democratic) 45.31%

▌William N. McDonald (Socialist) 3.01%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Michigan — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Charles E. TownsendRepublican36465756.34%Elected
Lawrence PriceDemocratic25795439.85%—
Edward O. FossSocialist156142.41%—
John Y. JohnstonProhibition75691.17%—
Herman RichterSocialist Labor9240.14%—
Henry Ford (write-in)Independent5660.09%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 56.34%

▌Lawrence Price (Democratic) 39.85%

Others

▌E. O. Foss (Socialist) 2.41%

▌John Y. Johnston (Prohibition) 1.17%

▌Herman Richter (Socialist Labor) 0.14%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Minnesota — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Frank B. KelloggRepublican18515948.58%Elected
Daniel W. LawlerDemocratic11754130.84%—
W. G. CalderwoodProhibition7842520.58%—

Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Frank B. Kellogg (Republican) 48.58%

▌Daniel W. Lawler (Democratic) 30.84%

▌Willis G. Calderwood (Prohibition) 20.58%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Mississippi — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
John Sharp WilliamsDemocratic74290100.00%Elected

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John Sharp Williams (Democratic)

Unopposed

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Missouri — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
James A. ReedDemocratic39616650.56%Elected
Walter S. DickeyRepublican37171047.44%—
Kate Richards O'HareSocialist146541.87%—
Joseph ScheidlerSocialist Labor9620.12%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y James A. Reed (Democratic) 50.56%

▌Walter S. Dickey (Republican) 47.44%

Others

▌Kate Richards O'Hare (Socialist) 1.87%

▌Joseph Scheidler (Socialist Labor) 0.12%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Montana — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Henry L. MyersDemocratic8558551.06%Elected
Charles N. PrayRepublican7275343.40%—
Henry La BeauSocialist92925.54%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Henry L. Myers (Democratic) 51.06%

▌Charles Nelson Pray (Republican) 43.40%

▌Henry La Beau (Socialist) 5.54%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Nebraska — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Gilbert HitchcockDemocratic14308249.98%Elected
John L. KennedyRepublican13135945.88%—
E. E. OlmsteadSocialist74252.59%—
D. B. GilbertProhibition44291.55%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic) 49.98%

▌John L. Kennedy (Republican) 45.88%

▌E. E. Olmstead (Socialist) 2.59%

▌D. B. Gilbert (Prohibition) 1.55%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Nevada — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Key PittmanDemocratic1276538.81%Elected
Samuel PlattRepublican1061832.28%—
Ashley Grant MillerSocialist950728.91%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Key Pittman (Democratic) 38.81%

▌Samuel Platt (Republican) 32.28%

▌Ashley G. Miller (Socialist) 28.91%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New Jersey — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Joseph S. FrelinghuysenRepublican—55.99%Elected
James E. MartineDemocratic—38.90%—
William C. DoughtySocialist—3.06%—
Livingston BarbourProhibition—1.64%—
Rudolph KatzSocialist Labor—0.42%—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Joseph S. Frelinghuysen (Republican) 55.99%

▌James E. Martine (Democratic) 38.9%

▌William C. Doughty (Socialist) 3.06%

Others

▌Livingston Barbour (Prohibition) 1.64%

▌Rudolph Katz (Socialist Labor) 0.42%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New Mexico — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Andrieus A. JonesDemocratic3398151.01%Elected
Frank A. HubbellRepublican3060945.95%—
W. P. MetcalfSocialist20283.04%—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 51.01%

▌Frank Hubbell (Republican) 45.95%

▌W. P. Metcalf (Socialist) 3.04%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

New York — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
William M. CalderRepublican83931454.32%Elected
William F. McCombsDemocratic60593339.22%—
Joseph D. CannonSocialist611673.96%—
D. Leigh ColvinProhibition193021.25%—
Bainbridge ColbyProgressive153390.99%—
August GillhausSocialist Labor40860.26%—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William M. Calder (Republican) 54.32%

▌William F. McCombs (Democratic) 39.22%

▌Joseph Cannon (Socialist) 3.96%

Others

▌D. Leigh Colvin (Prohibition) 1.25%

▌Bainbridge Colby (Progressive) 0.99%

▌August Gillhaus (Socialist Labor) 0.26%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

North Dakota — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Porter J. McCumberRepublican—53.85%Elected
John BurkeDemocratic—38.24%—
E. R. FrySocialist—7.91%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Porter J. McCumber (Republican) 53.85%

▌John Burke (Democratic) 38.24%

▌E. R. Fry (Socialist) 7.91%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Ohio — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Atlee PomereneDemocratic57148849.26%Elected
Myron HerrickRepublican53539146.15%—
C. E. RuthenbergSocialist381863.29%—
Aaron S. WatkinsProhibition120601.04%—
Jacob CoxeyIndependent29650.26%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Atlee Pomerene (Democratic) 49.26%

▌Myron T. Herrick (Republican) 46.15%

▌C. E. Ruthenberg (Socialist) 3.29%

Others

▌Aaron S. Watkins (Prohibition) 1.04%

▌Jacob S. Coxey Sr. (Independent) 0.26%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Pennsylvania — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Philander C. KnoxRepublican68045156.31%Elected
Ellis L. OrvisDemocratic45011237.25%—
Charles W. ErvinSocialist453853.76%—
Herbert T. AmesProhibition300892.49%—
Robert Colvin Macauley, Jr.Single Tax13870.12%—
William H. ThomasSocialist Labor10220.09%—

Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Philander C. Knox (Republican) 56.31%

▌Ellis Orvis (Democratic) 37.25%

▌Charles Ervin (Socialist) 3.76%

Others

▌Herbert T. Ames (Prohibition) 2.49%

▌Robert C. Macauley (Single Tax) 0.12%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Rhode Island — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Peter G. GerryDemocratic4704852.94%Elected
Henry F. LippittRepublican3921144.12%—
Frederick W. HurstSocialist19962.25%—
Frank J. SibleyProhibition4540.51%—
Peter McDermottSocialist Labor1680.19%—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Peter G. Gerry (Democratic) 52.94%

▌Henry F. Lippitt (Republican) 44.12%

Others

▌Frederick Hurst (Socialist) 2.25%

▌Frank J. Sibley (Prohibition) 0.51%

▌Peter McDermott (Socialist Labor) 0.19%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Tennessee — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Kenneth McKellarDemocratic14371854.42%Elected
Ben W. HooperRepublican11817444.75%—
H. H. MagnumSocialist21930.83%—

Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Kenneth McKellar (Democratic) 54.42%

▌Ben W. Hooper (Republican) 44.75%

▌H. H. Mangum (Socialist) 0.83%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Texas — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Charles A. CulbersonDemocratic30303581.30%Elected
Alex W. AtchesonRepublican4878813.09%—
Thomas A. HickeySocialist186164.99%—
Edward H. ConibearProhibition23190.62%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Charles A. Culberson (Democratic) 81.3%

▌Alex W. Atcheson (Republican) 13.09%

▌Thomas. A. Hickey (Socialist) 4.99%

▌Edward. H. Conibear (Prohibition) 0.62%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Utah — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
William H. KingDemocratic8105756.92%Elected
George SutherlandRepublican5686239.93%—
Christian PoulsonSocialist44973.16%—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William H. King (Democratic) 56.92%

▌George Sutherland (Republican) 39.93%

▌Christian Poulson (Socialist) 3.16%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Vermont — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Carroll S. PageRepublican—74.41%Elected
Oscar C. MillerDemocratic—23.50%—
Norman GreensletSocialist—2.10%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Carroll S. Page (Republican) 74.41%

▌Oscar C. Miller (Democratic) 23.5%

▌Norman Greenslet (Socialist) 2.1%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Virginia — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Claude A. SwansonDemocratic133061100.00%Elected

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Claude A. Swanson (Democratic)

Unopposed

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Washington — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Miles PoindexterRepublican20228755.39%Elected
George TurnerDemocratic13533937.06%—
Bruce RogersSocialist217095.95%—
Joseph A. CampbellProhibition44111.21%—
Walter J. ThompsonProgressive14420.40%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Miles Poindexter (Republican) 55.39%

▌George Turner (Democratic) 37.06%

▌Bruce Rogers (Socialist) 5.95%

Others

▌Joseph Campbell (Prohibition) 1.21%

▌Walter J. Thompson (Progressive) 0.4%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

West Virginia — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Howard SutherlandRepublican14424350.14%Elected
William E. ChiltonDemocratic13858548.17%—
G. A. GneiserSocialist48811.70%—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Howard Sutherland (Republican) 50.14%

▌William E. Chilton (Democratic) 48.17%

▌G. A. Gneiser (Socialist) 1.7%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Wisconsin — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Robert M. La FolletteRepublican24990659.23%Elected
William F. WolfeDemocratic13461131.90%—
Richard ElsnerSocialist289086.85%—
Charles L. HillProhibition85282.02%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 59.23%

▌William F. Wolfe (Democratic) 31.9%

▌Richard Elsner (Socialist) 6.85%

▌Charles L. Hill (Prohibition) 2.02%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Wyoming — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
John B. KendrickDemocratic2632451.47%Elected
Clarence D. ClarkRepublican2325845.47%—
Paul L. PaulsenSocialist13342.61%—
Arthur B. CampbellProhibition2310.45%—

Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 51.47%

▌Clarence D. Clark (Republican) 45.47%

▌Paul Paulsen (Socialist) 2.61%

▌Arthur B. Campbell (Prohibition) 0.45%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

Results: final · partial coverage · Elected candidates in regular races; continuing senators are not included

Senate — recorded results
Party / candidateVotesVote shareSeatsElectoral votes
Henry F. Ashurst · Arizona——1—
Hiram Johnson · California——1—
George P. McLean · Connecticut——1—
Josiah O. Wolcott · Delaware——1—
Park Trammell · Florida——1—
Harry S. New · Indiana——1—
Frederick Hale · Maine——1—
Joseph I. France · Maryland——1—
Henry Cabot Lodge · Massachusetts——1—
Charles E. Townsend · Michigan——1—
Frank B. Kellogg · Minnesota——1—
John Sharp Williams · Mississippi——1—
James A. Reed · Missouri——1—
Henry L. Myers · Montana——1—
Gilbert Hitchcock · Nebraska——1—
Key Pittman · Nevada——1—
Joseph S. Frelinghuysen · New Jersey——1—
Andrieus A. Jones · New Mexico——1—
William M. Calder · New York——1—
Porter J. McCumber · North Dakota——1—
Atlee Pomerene · Ohio——1—
Philander C. Knox · Pennsylvania——1—
Peter G. Gerry · Rhode Island——1—
Kenneth McKellar · Tennessee——1—
Charles A. Culberson · Texas——1—
William H. King · Utah——1—
Carroll S. Page · Vermont——1—
Claude A. Swanson · Virginia——1—
Miles Poindexter · Washington——1—
Howard Sutherland · West Virginia——1—
Robert M. La Follette · Wisconsin——1—
John B. Kendrick · Wyoming——1—

The seat diagram shows only regular seats contested in this cycle, not the full Senate. Special races remain available in the state selector. Early cycles span two years and use legislative selection; missing or non-comparable vote totals are left blank. Candidate ideology is used where sourced; otherwise the broad election-era party tradition is used. Unassessed candidates are not assigned an ideology.

Sources & further reading

U.S. Senate historical party divisions

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab: Senate returns