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World of Elections

Senate

United States elections · 1976 · held

State Senate races in this election cycle, with separate candidate results and election-era ideology attribution.

State races and results map

Each race has its own denominator. Missing counts are blank. The interactive map uses modern state outlines as navigation references.

Arizona — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Dennis DeConciniDemocratic40033454.01%Elected
Sam SteigerRepublican32123643.34%—
Bob FieldIndependent107651.45%—
Allan NorwitzLibertarian73100.99%—
Wm. Mathews FeighanIndependent15650.21%—

Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Dennis DeConcini (Democratic) 54.0%

▌Sam Steiger (Republican) 43.3%

Others

▌Bob Field (Independent) 1.5%

▌Allan Norwitz (Libertarian) 1.0%

▌William Mathews Feighan (Independent) 0.2%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

California — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
S. I. HayakawaRepublican374897350.18%Elected
John V. TunneyDemocratic350286246.89%—
David WaldPeace and Freedom1043831.40%—
Jack McCoyAmerican Independent827391.11%—
Omari MusaIndependent316290.42%—

Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. Incumbent resigned January 1, 1977 to give successor preferential seniority. Winner appointed January 2, 1977. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y S. I. Hayakawa (Republican) 50.2%

▌John V. Tunney (Democratic) 46.9%

Others

▌David Wald (Peace and Freedom) 1.4%

▌Jack McCoy (American Independent) 1.1%

▌Omari Musa (Independent) 0.4%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Connecticut — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Lowell WeickerRepublican78568357.70%Elected
Gloria SchafferDemocratic56101841.20%—
Robert BarnabeiGeorge Wallace144071.06%—
Others5580.04%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Lowell Weicker (Republican) 57.7%

▌Gloria Schaffer (Democratic) 41.2%

▌Robert Barnabei (Wallace) 1.1%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Delaware — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
William RothRepublican12545455.81%Elected
Thomas MaloneyDemocratic9804243.61%—
Donald G. GiesAmerican6460.29%—
Joseph F. McInerneyNon-Partisan4370.19%—
John A. MassimillaProhibition2160.10%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William Roth (Republican) 55.8%

▌Thomas C. Maloney (Democratic) 43.6%

Others

▌Donald G. Gies (American) 0.3%

▌Joseph F. McInerney (Independent) 0.2%

▌John A. Massimilla (Prohibition) 0.0%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Florida — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Lawton ChilesDemocratic179951862.97%Elected
John GradyRepublican105788637.02%—
Ed IceWrite-In1230.00%—
Tim AdamsWrite-In70.00%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Lawton Chiles (Democratic) 63.0%

▌John Grady (Republican) 37.0%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Hawaii — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Spark MatsunagaDemocratic16230553.70%Elected
William QuinnRepublican12272440.62%—
Anthony HodgesPeople's142264.70%—
James KimmelNonpartisan14330.50%—
Rockne Hart JohnsonLibertarian14040.50%—

Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Spark Matsunaga (Democratic) 53.7%

▌William F. Quinn (Republican) 40.6%

▌Anthony Hodges (People's) 4.7%

Others

▌James Kimmel (Independent) 0.5%

▌Rockne Hart Johnson (Libertarian) 0.5%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Indiana — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Richard LugarRepublican127583358.76%Elected
Vance HartkeDemocratic87852240.46%—
Don L. Lee143210.66%—
David Lee HoaglandU.S. Labor25110.12%—

Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Richard Lugar (Republican) 58.8%

▌Vance Hartke (Democratic) 40.5%

Others

▌Don L. Lee (Independent) 0.7%

▌David Lee Hoagland (US Labor) 0.1%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Maine — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Edmund MuskieDemocratic29270460.20%Elected
Robert A. G. MonksRepublican19348939.80%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Edmund Muskie (Democratic) 60.2%

▌Robert A. G. Monks (Republican) 39.8%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Maryland — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Paul SarbanesDemocratic77210156.55%Elected
J. Glenn Beall Jr.Republican53043938.85%—
Bruce BradleyIndependent627504.60%—

Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Paul Sarbanes (Democratic) 56.5%

▌J. Glenn Beall Jr. (Republican) 38.8%

▌Bruce Bradley (Independent) 4.6%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Massachusetts — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Ted KennedyDemocratic—69.30%Elected
Michael S. RobertsonRepublican72264129.01%—
Carol Henderson EvansSocialist Workers262831.06%—
H. Graham LowryUS Labor155170.62%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Ted Kennedy (Democratic) 69.3%

▌Michael S. Robertson (Republican) 29.0%

Others

▌Carol Henderson Evans (Socialist Workers) 1.1%

▌H. Graham Lowry (US Labor) 0.6%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Michigan — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Donald RiegleDemocratic183103152.46%Elected
Marvin L. EschRepublican163508746.85%—
Bette Jane ErwinLibertarian88420.25%—
Theodore G. AlbertHuman Rights72810.21%—
Paula L. ReimersSocialist Workers33990.10%—
Frank GirardSocialist Labor25540.07%—
Peter A. SignorelliU.S. Labor22180.06%—

Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. Incumbent died December 26, 1976. Winner appointed December 30, 1976. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Donald Riegle (Democratic) 52.5%

▌Marvin L. Esch (Republican) 46.8%

Others

▌Bette Jane Erwin (Libertarian) 0.3%

▌Theodore G. Albert (Human Rights) 0.2%

▌Paula L. Reimers (Socialist Workers) 0.1%

▌Frank Girard (Socialist Labor) 0.1%

▌Peter A. Signorelli (U.S. Labor) 0.1%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Minnesota — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Hubert HumphreyDFL—67.50%Elected
Gerald BrekkeInd.-Republican—25.00%—
Paul HelmAmerican1256126.57%—
Bill PetersonSocialist Workers93800.49%—
Robin E. MillerLibertarian54760.29%—
Matt SavolaCommunist22140.12%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Hubert Humphrey (DFL) 67.5%

▌Gerald Brekke (Ind.-Republican) 25.0%

▌Paul Helm (American) 6.6%

Others

▌Bill Peterson (Socialist Workers) 0.5%

▌Robin E. Miller (Libertarian) 0.3%

▌Matt Savola (Communist) 0.1%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Mississippi — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
John C. StennisDemocratic554433100.00%Elected

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John C. Stennis (Democratic)

Unopposed

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Missouri — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
John DanforthRepublican109006756.94%Elected
Warren E. HearnesDemocratic81357142.50%—
Lawrence "Red" PettyIndependent108220.57%—

Incumbent retired. Republican gain. Incumbent resigned December 27, 1976 to give successor preferential seniority. Winner appointed the same day. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John Danforth (Republican) 56.9%

▌Warren E. Hearnes (Democratic) 42.5%

▌Lawrence Petty (Independent) 0.6%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Montana — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
John MelcherDemocratic20623264.16%Elected
Stanley C. BurgerRepublican11521335.84%—

Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John Melcher (Democratic) 64.2%

▌Stanley C. Burger (Republican) 35.8%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Nebraska — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Edward ZorinskyDemocratic31380552.89%Elected
John Y. McCollisterRepublican27928447.07%—
Lenore EtchisonWrite-in candidate580.01%—
OthersN/A1630.03%—

Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. Incumbent resigned December 27, 1976 to give successor preferential seniority. Winner appointed December 28, 1976 to finish the term. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Edward Zorinsky (Democratic) 52.4%

▌John Y. McCollister (Republican) 47.5%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Nevada — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Howard CannonDemocratic12721463.01%Elected
David TowellRepublican6347131.44%—
None of These Candidates52882.62%—
Byron D. YoungIndependent American36191.79%—
Dan BecanLibertarian23071.14%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Howard Cannon (Democratic) 63.0%

▌David Towell (Republican) 31.4%

Others

▌Byron D. Young (Independent American) 1.8%

▌Dan Becan (Libertarian) 1.1%

None of These Candidates 2.6%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

New Jersey — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Harrison A. WilliamsDemocratic168114060.66%Elected
David A. NorcrossRepublican105450838.05%—
Hannibal CundariLibertarian199070.72%—
Bernardo S. DoganieroSocialist Labor91850.33%—
Leif JohnsonLabor Party66500.24%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Harrison A. Williams (Democratic) 60.7%

▌David A. Norcross (Republican) 38.0%

Others

▌Hannibal Cundari (Libertarian) 0.7%

▌Bernardo S. Doganiero (Socialist Labor) 0.3%

▌Leif Johnson (Labor) 0.2%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

New Mexico — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Harrison SchmittRepublican23468156.82%Elected
Joseph MontoyaDemocratic17638242.70%—
Ernesto B. BorundaRaza Unida10870.26%—
Matt DillionAmerican Independent9060.22%—

Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Harrison Schmitt (Republican) 56.8%

▌Joseph Montoya (Democratic) 42.7%

Others

▌Ernesto B. Borunda (Raza Unida) 0.3%

▌Matt Dillion (American Independent) 0.2%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

New York — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Daniel Patrick MoynihanDemocratic342259454.17%Elected
James BuckleyRepublican283663344.90%—
Herbert ApthekerCommunist251410.38%—
Marcia GalloSocialist Workers163500.25%—
Martin E. NixonLibertarian109430.16%—
Elijah C. BoydU.S. Labor67160.10%—

Incumbent ran as a Republican and lost re-election. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Daniel Patrick Moynihan (Democratic) 54.2%

▌James L. Buckley (Republican) 44.9%

Others

▌Herbert Aptheker (Communist) 0.4%

▌Marcia Gallo (Socialist Workers) 0.3%

▌Martin E. Nixon (Libertarian) 0.2%

▌Elijah C. Boyd (U.S. Labor) 0.1%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

North Dakota — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Quentin BurdickDemocratic17577262.10%Elected
Robert StroupRepublican10346636.55%—
Clarence HaggardIndependent38241.35%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Quentin Burdick (Democratic-NPL) 62.1%

▌Robert Stroup (Republican) 36.6%

▌Clarence Haggard (Independent) 0.4%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Ohio — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Howard MetzenbaumDemocratic194111349.51%Elected
Robert Taft Jr.Republican182377446.52%—
John O'NeillIndependent536571.37%—
Donald E. BabcockAmerican Independent369790.94%—
Emma Lila FundaburkIndependent332850.85%—
Melissa SinglerSocialist Workers318050.81%—

Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. Incumbent resigned December 28, 1976 to give successor preferential seniority. Winner appointed December 29, 1976. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Howard Metzenbaum (Democratic) 49.5%

▌Robert Taft Jr. (Republican) 46.5%

Others

▌John O'Neill (Independent) 1.4%

▌Donald E. Babcock (American Independent) 0.9%

▌Emma Lila Fundaburk (Independent) 0.9%

▌Melissa Singler (Socialist Workers) 0.8%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Pennsylvania — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
John HeinzRepublican238189152.39%Elected
William J. Green IIIDemocratic212697746.79%—
Andrew J. WatsonConstitution260280.57%—
Frederick W. StantonSocialist Workers54840.12%—
Bernard SaleraLabor Party36370.08%—
Frank KincesCommunist Party20970.05%—
OtherN/A2390.01%—

Incumbent retired. Republican hold. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John Heinz (Republican) 52.4%

▌William J. Green III (Democratic) 46.8%

Others

▌Andrew J. Watson (Constitution) 0.6%

▌Frederick W. Stanton (Socialist Workers) 0.1%

▌Bernard Salera (Labor) 0.1%

▌Frank Kinces (Communist) 0.1%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Rhode Island — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
John ChafeeRepublican23032957.74%Elected
Richard P. LorberDemocratic16766542.03%—
Margaret CannCommunist9120.23%—

Incumbent retired. Republican gain Incumbent resigned December 28, 1976 to give successor preferential seniority. Winner appointed December 29, 1976. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y John Chafee (Republican) 57.7%

▌Richard P. Lorber (Democratic) 42.0%

▌Margaret Cann (Communist) 0.2%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Tennessee — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Jim SasserDemocratic—52.50%Elected
Bill BrockRepublican67323147.01%—
Mark Clark BatesIndependent51370.36%—
Willie C. JacoxIndependent14060.10%—
Arnold Joseph ZandieIndependent10610.07%—

Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Jim Sasser (Democratic) 52.5%

▌Bill Brock (Republican) 47.0%

Others

▌Mark Clark Bates (Independent) 0.4%

▌Willie C. Jacox (Independent) 0.1%

▌Arnold Joseph Zandie (Independent) 0.1%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Texas — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Lloyd BentsenDemocratic219995656.78%Elected
Alan SteelmanRepublican163637042.24%—
Pedro VasquezSocialist Workers Party205490.53%—
Marjorie P. GallionAmerican Independent173550.45%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Lloyd Bentsen (Democratic) 56.8%

▌Alan Steelman (Republican) 42.2%

Others

▌Pedro Vasquez (Socialist Workers) 0.5%

▌Marjorie P. Gallion (American Independent) 0.5%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Utah — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Orrin HatchRepublican29022153.73%Elected
Frank MossDemocratic24194844.80%—
George M. BatchelorIndependent American49130.91%—
Steve TrotterLibertarian30260.58%—

Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Orrin Hatch (Republican) 53.7%

▌Frank Moss (Democratic) 44.8%

Others

▌George M. Batchelor (Independent American) 0.9%

▌Steve Trotter (Libertarian) 0.6%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Vermont — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Robert StaffordRepublican9448150.00%Elected
Thomas P. SalmonDemocratic8568245.32%—
Nancy KaufmanLiberty Union88014.66%—
OtherN/A960.10%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Robert Stafford (Republican) 50.0%

▌Thomas P. Salmon (Democratic) 45.3%

▌Nancy Kaufman (Liberty Union) 4.7%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Virginia — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Harry F. Byrd Jr.Independent89077857.19%Elected
Elmo ZumwaltDemocratic59600938.27%—
Martin H. PerperIndependent705594.53%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Harry F. Byrd Jr. (Independent) 57.2%

▌Elmo Zumwalt (Democratic) 38.3%

▌Martin H. Perper (Independent) 4.5%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Washington — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Henry M. JacksonDemocratic107121971.84%Elected
George M. BrownRepublican36154624.25%—
Dave SmithAmerican Independent281821.89%—
Richard K. KenneyLibertarian193731.30%—
Karl BermannSocialist Workers74020.50%—
William F. Wertz Jr.U.S. Labor33890.23%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Henry M. Jackson (Democratic) 71.8%

▌George M. Brown (Republican) 24.2%

Others

▌Dave Smith (American Independent) 1.9%

▌Richard K. Kenney (Libertarian) 1.3%

▌Karl Bermann (Socialist Workers) 0.5%

▌William F. Wertz Jr. (U.S. Labor) 0.2%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

West Virginia — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Robert ByrdDemocratic566359100.00%Elected

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Robert Byrd (Democratic) 99.9%

Unopposed

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Wisconsin — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
William ProxmireDemocratic139697072.19%Elected
Stanley YorkRepublican52190226.97%—
William Osborne HartDemocratic Socialist73540.38%—
Robert SchwarzSocialist Workers48760.25%—
Michael A. MacLaurinLabor Party21480.11%—
Robert E. NordlanderSocialist Labor17310.09%—
Write-InsNone2020.01%—

Incumbent re-elected. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y William Proxmire (Democratic) 72.2%

▌Stanley York (Republican) 27.0%

Others

▌William Osborne Hart (Independent) 0.4%

▌Robert Schwartz (Socialist Workers) 0.3%

▌Robert E. Nordlander (Socialist Labor) 0.1%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Wyoming — Senate — General

Popular election. Popular votes in this state contest

CandidatePartyVotesShareResult
Malcolm WallopRepublican8481054.59%Elected
Gale W. McGeeDemocratic—45.40%—

Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. Source candidate / selection detail: ▌Y Malcolm Wallop (Republican) 54.7%

▌Gale W. McGee (Democratic) 45.4%

Sources & further reading

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab / House Clerk: Senate returns

Results: final · partial coverage · Elected candidates in regular races; continuing senators are not included

Senate — recorded results
Party / candidateVotesVote shareSeatsElectoral votes
Dennis DeConcini · Arizona——1—
S. I. Hayakawa · California——1—
Lowell Weicker · Connecticut——1—
William Roth · Delaware——1—
Lawton Chiles · Florida——1—
Spark Matsunaga · Hawaii——1—
Richard Lugar · Indiana——1—
Edmund Muskie · Maine——1—
Paul Sarbanes · Maryland——1—
Ted Kennedy · Massachusetts——1—
Donald Riegle · Michigan——1—
Hubert Humphrey · Minnesota——1—
John C. Stennis · Mississippi——1—
John Danforth · Missouri——1—
John Melcher · Montana——1—
Edward Zorinsky · Nebraska——1—
Howard Cannon · Nevada——1—
Harrison A. Williams · New Jersey——1—
Harrison Schmitt · New Mexico——1—
Daniel Patrick Moynihan · New York——1—
Quentin Burdick · North Dakota——1—
Howard Metzenbaum · Ohio——1—
John Heinz · Pennsylvania——1—
John Chafee · Rhode Island——1—
Jim Sasser · Tennessee——1—
Lloyd Bentsen · Texas——1—
Orrin Hatch · Utah——1—
Robert Stafford · Vermont——1—
Harry F. Byrd Jr. · Virginia——1—
Henry M. Jackson · Washington——1—
Robert Byrd · West Virginia——1—
William Proxmire · Wisconsin——1—
Malcolm Wallop · Wyoming——1—

The seat diagram shows only regular seats contested in this cycle, not the full Senate. Special races remain available in the state selector. Early cycles span two years and use legislative selection; missing or non-comparable vote totals are left blank. Candidate ideology is used where sourced; otherwise the broad election-era party tradition is used. Unassessed candidates are not assigned an ideology.

Sources & further reading

U.S. Senate historical party divisions

Historical Senate race summary and linked records

MIT Election Lab: Senate returns